Laiba Shahbaz

Explore the complex and enduring concept of the Balance of Power in international relations. This comprehensive article by Laiba Shahbaz delves into its theories, historical applications, mechanisms, and contemporary challenges, offering insights into global stability and conflict.

Explore a comprehensive analysis of national power, dissecting its definitions and examining the tangible (geography, economy, military, population, resources) and intangible (governance, culture, diplomacy, technology, cyber, morale, social cohesion) elements that shape a state's influence in international relations.

Explore the conceptualization of security in the 21st century. This in-depth article analyzes evolving threats, new dimensions (human, cyber, environmental), diverse actors, and pathways towards a robust, human-centric security framework.

Explore constructivism's profound influence across education, psychology, and international relations. This article delves into its philosophical origins, key theories from Piaget and Vygotsky, diverse applications, and critical challenges, offering a comprehensive understanding of knowledge construction.

This in-depth article examines feminism’s waves, key concepts, and schools of thought, with a focus on feminist international relations. It explains how gender shapes power, security, and global inequality.

Explore Critical Theory's origins, key concepts from the Frankfurt School, and its evolution through thinkers like Habermas. Discover its application in International Relations, including Gramscian and communicative approaches, and its perspective on global challenges like the migrant crisis.

Explore postmodern thought's origins, key thinkers like Lyotard, Derrida, and Foucault, its impact across art, science, and history, and its enduring relevance in the digital age. This in-depth analysis examines postmodernism's core concepts, criticisms, and lasting legacy in shaping our understanding of reality and culture.

Explore the enduring paradoxes and evolution of liberalism, from its Enlightenment roots and core tenets to its diverse manifestations in politics, economics, and international relations. This in-depth article analyzes internal tensions, critiques, and 21st-century challenges, offering a comprehensive understanding of this transformative ideology.

Explore the Systems Approach in International Relations, covering key theories by Morton Kaplan, Kenneth Waltz (Neorealism), Keohane and Nye (Neoliberalism), Alexander Wendt (Constructivism), and Immanuel Wallerstein (World-Systems). Understand how systemic forces shape global politics.

Explore the Scientific Revolution through a behavioral lens, examining how shifts in scientific practices, interactions, and institutional behaviors drove this transformative era, beyond just intellectual ideas.

This article explores key concepts of Idealism, a philosophical stance asserting the primacy of mind or consciousness in understanding reality. It covers historical roots, major proponents (Plato, Berkeley, Kant, Hegel), diverse forms of idealism (subjective, objective, absolute, transcendental), and common criticisms, concluding with its enduring influence on contemporary thought.