Laiba Shahbaz

Explore Mercantilism as a core theory in International Political Economy (IPE), examining its historical evolution, key tenets, and modern manifestations. Analyze critiques from liberalism and Marxism, and its resurgence in global trade and power dynamics.

Explore the intricate theory and challenging practice of nuclear deterrence, focusing on the critical and volatile relationship between India and Pakistan. This comprehensive analysis delves into their doctrines, military asymmetries, crisis management, and the constant risk of escalation in South Asia.

Explore the intricate concept of strategic culture and its profound influence on state behavior, with a deep dive into the historical roots, defining pillars, and evolving challenges of Pakistani strategic culture.

Explore the complex nature of war, its multi-layered causes from individual to global levels, and its diverse historical and contemporary forms.

Explore the complex and evolving concept of "national interest," from its historical roots to its contemporary challenges in a globalized world. This in-depth article analyzes various theoretical perspectives, dimensions, and the intricate processes of its formulation, offering insights into its enduring relevance.

Explore sovereignty's evolution from ancient to modern times, dissecting its types, and analyzing contemporary challenges from globalization, tech, and non-state actors. Discover its enduring relevance and future adaptations in global governance.

Explore the complex world of foreign policy in the 21st century. This comprehensive article by Laiba Shahbaz details its diverse determinants, the intricate decision-making processes, and key analytical frameworks, including realism, liberalism, and constructivism. Understand global challenges and future trends shaping international relations.

Explore the complex and enduring concept of the Balance of Power in international relations. This comprehensive article by Laiba Shahbaz delves into its theories, historical applications, mechanisms, and contemporary challenges, offering insights into global stability and conflict.

Explore a comprehensive analysis of national power, dissecting its definitions and examining the tangible (geography, economy, military, population, resources) and intangible (governance, culture, diplomacy, technology, cyber, morale, social cohesion) elements that shape a state's influence in international relations.

Explore the conceptualization of security in the 21st century. This in-depth article analyzes evolving threats, new dimensions (human, cyber, environmental), diverse actors, and pathways towards a robust, human-centric security framework.

Explore constructivism's profound influence across education, psychology, and international relations. This article delves into its philosophical origins, key theories from Piaget and Vygotsky, diverse applications, and critical challenges, offering a comprehensive understanding of knowledge construction.